Half a century they have been through

In 2012 they were both 50 years old. Half a century they spent traveling the country in coloring. Age are increasingly creeping twilight, but for them this is just the beginning of the age of real life journey. Continue working and the surge in gold ink depicts the life history of the nation. Not only be a marker of time, but it becomes a pride not for the devotion heartfelt agony for the sake of the greatness of Mother Earth. Those aged half a century are:
1. Bung Karno Main Stadium
Bung Karno Main Stadium is a multipurpose stadium that is part of a sports complex Bung Karno Stadium. The stadium is commonly used as an arena football game international level. The stadium is named in honor of the first president of Indonesia, who is also the leader who coined the idea of ​​the construction of the sports complex. In order to de-Soekarnoisasi, the New Order era, the stadium's name was changed to Senayan Main Stadium. After the passing of the wave of reform in 1998, the stadium name was returned to its original name through a Presidential Decree. 7/2001. With a capacity of about 100,000 people, the stadium, which began construction in mid-1958 and the completion of its first phase in the third quarter of 1962 is one of the largest in the world. Ahead of the Asian Cup 2007, performed at the stadium renovation that reduced the stadium's capacity to 88,083 spectators.
The sports hall was originally built as a complete infrastructure and facilities in order ASIAN GAMES 1962 began to open and unveiled since the date of August 24, 1962 which was held in Jakarta. Its construction was funded by a soft loan from the Soviet Union amounted to 12.5 million U.S. dollars which certainty is obtained on December 23, 1958. And of course, with the substantial funds that make this sport galanggang as the biggest football stadium in Indonesia. Until now, Gelora Bung Karno stadium is the only truly international standard in Indonesia.
2. Koes Plus (d / h. Koes Brothers)
1960, Koes Brothers formed. They practice every day. Musical equipment purchased from Tuban, East Java; amplifier her wearing Robin brand of Jakarta. Their home on the road Hammel III, No.. 14, Block C, new Kebayoran, South Jakarta was changed crowded every afternoon as people gathered to hear the beat of the music. It is complained of their father, Koeswoyo, arguing that music can not make people prosperous, but was ignored by his brothers Tony and others. They continued to play music. Koes Brothers have never competed in the festival band. They have not dared to compete with bands that have better equipment. One of them Teenager's Voice who have handsome vocalist: Sophan Sophiaan. In 1962, an idea came to mind that Koes Brothers Tony entered the studio. Requirement: Koes Brothers must create and sing their own songs. 1960s indeed many famous singers but only with other people singing, Koes Brothers want to challenge the practice.
Tony then concentration to create a song. Within a week, he managed to create two tracks: Weni and Bowled. Djon recorded with a Grundig tape recorder at the plate. The recordings are sent with a letter of application to the PT rhythm, famous record company at that time. Jack received the recordings lesmana and Suyoso, boss PT rhythm. They became interested and give terms, "If you can create a song within two weeks of this, I will provide the opportunity for you to recording." Two weeks later, Koes Brothers came with their songs. The next night, they immediately recorded. Koes Brothers name was changed to Koes Brothers. Personnel: Djon (bass), Tony (melody / piano), Yon (vocals), Yok (Rythim / vocals), Jan. (guitar), Nomo and Iskandar (drums). Nomo helped Iskandar because not too adept at playing the drums. Jan and Iskandar are their neighbors.
In 1963, the first record Koes Brothers album came out. Filled 12 songs, including: Weni, Enchanted, School Bus, Twilight, and Silent Lake. Their songs are widely circulated to the ears of listeners on Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) and Air Force radio. In 1964, Sukarno's government issued a policy to prohibit the development of western culture. One was the development of rock n'roll music, music in the language of President Sukarno called cacophonic-ngok. Western culture is considered to damage young eastern and eliminate the national culture.
The policy was violated several times by Koes Brothers. They still have a gig there a few times though prohibited. Finally, on Tuesday, June 19, 1965, Toni, Yon, Yok, and Nomo was arrested by the government after the first interrogation by the prosecutors. Their songs are also banned. The fans could only hear their songs on the radio Singapore and Malaysia. On 30 September 1965, Koes Brothers released from prison. Though free, they are still not allowed to perform and have to go through to report. Equipment was also confiscated their music, so they can not practice and gig. Several months Koes Brothers vacuum.
Miracle came in 1966, Koes Brothers symbolized as a symbol of freedom from government tyranny old order. They are occasionally invited to perform at the event, held student or organization. Even in August 1966, Koes Brothers toured in Java and Bali. The money from the tour and then bought a house of 500 square meters on the river Pawan 21, Block C, Kebayoran. In 1967, Koes Brothers released two albums on the record: Make your flock and I So Called To Tell The Guilties, each containing 12 tracks. In 1969, Nomo opt out and become an entrepreneur working for living expenses after marriage. In lieu of Nomo, come Murry. Koes Brothers had changed its name to Koes Plus.
3. Merpati Nusantara Airlines
A capital of 10 million dollars and six aircraft, Merpati Nusantara Airlines started its business as an air bridge that connects the remote places in the Kalimantan region. Since its establishment, dated 6 September 1962, until now, Merpati have ups and downs. "Nusantara Air Bridge". This mission laden indeed often squeezed problems. Pigeons "born" under Government Regulation (PP) No.19 of 1962 which set the state of incorporation and the regional air transportation versatile Merpati Nusantara airlines, also called PN Merpati Nusantara. The state has a level playing field, covering the implementation of air transportation in these areas and flying versatile and promote all things related to air transport within the meaning of the broadest. Intent and purpose is in order to participate in developing the national economy in the air transport sector with the interests of the people.
Initially, Merpati has a fleet of de Havilland Otter/DHC-3 four units and the Dakota DC-3 two units, which is the grant of a plane Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU). As it is known, the initial capital firm pecuniary long Rp10 million dollars. The pilots and technicians supplied from the Air Force, Garuda Indonesia (Garuda Indonesia Airways first), and other civil aviation companies. As managing director, appointed Air Commodore Henk NLI Adiputro (1962-1966), in charge of only 17 personnel. Several months later, in 1963, Merpati flight was not only in Borneo, but also flying the route Jakarta-Semarang, Jakarta-Tanjung Karang, and Jakarta-Balikpapan. 1964, Merpati took delivery of all concessions and operation, as well as ownership of a former aircraft carrier Netherlands NV de Kroonduif of Garuda. The transfer is done, the grounds Garuda is developing activities to become a national and international flag carrier. The grant is a three-plane Dakota DC-3, two Twin Otter and the Beaver. With a fleet of 12 aircraft, Merpati began to grow. The flight began reaching Papua (Irian Jaya), Sumatra and West Nusa Tenggara. With growth, the pigeon sees the need to strengthen its fleet with the addition of three Dornier DO-28 and six Pilatus Porter PC-6. However, there are several previous aircraft can no longer be operated so effectively Merpati fleet of 15 aircraft. Merpati also increased the number of employees, to 583 people.
4. Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI)
Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) was the first television station in Indonesia, which airs on August 24, 1962. Broadcast premiere aired Ceremony of 17th Independence Day of the State Palace in Jakarta Indonesia. This broadcast is still in the form of black and white. TVRI then covering the activities ASIAN GAMES held in Jakarta. TVRI first ever serve ads in a special show with the title of the show Where Love Commercial Press (twice a day). In the 80s and 90s are not allowed to show ads TVRI, and finally back TVRI ads. TVRI status currently is Public Broadcasting. TVRI partially operational costs are still borne by the state. TVRI television monopoly in Indonesia before 1989 when it established the first private television station RCTI in Jakarta, and SCTV in 1990 in Surabaya.

    In 1961, the Indonesian government decided to put the project into the television media ASIAN GAMES IV development project under the coordination of the affairs of the Asian Games IV project.
    On July 25, Minister of Information issued Decree No. Menpen. 20/SK/M/1961 on the establishment of the Preparatory Committee for Television (P2T).
    On October 23, 1961, President Sukarno, who was in Vienna to send a telex to the information minister at the time, to immediately prepare Maladi television projects (at the time of preparation time only 10 months) with the following schedule:

    Build a studio in the former AKPEN in Senayan (TVRI now).
    Build two transmitters: 100 watts and 10 Kw with 80 meter tower.
    Preparing software (programs and personnel).

    On August 17, 1962, TVRI broadcasts began a trial with the Independence Day event on page XVII RI Merdeka Palace in Jakarta, with 100 watts transmitter power reserve. Then on August 24, 1962, TVRI airs for the first time with a live broadcast of the event opening ceremony of the Asian Games IV Gelora Bung Karno main stadium.
    On October 20, 1963, issued Presidential Decree. 215/1963 on the establishment of Yayasan TVRI with President General Government.
    Initiated in 1964 began construction of Regional Broadcasting Station began with station TVRI Yogyakarta, which successively followed by Station Medan, Surabaya, Makassar, Manado, Denpasar, and Balikpapan.
1974, TVRI converted into one part of the organization and work procedure Ministry of Information, which was given the status of Directorate, directly responsible to the Director General of Radio, TV and Film, Ministry of Information of the Republic of Indonesia. Government as a communication tool, the task of conveying information about the TVRI is the policy of the Government to the people and at the same time creating a two-way traffic (two lanes of traffic) from the people to the government for not discredit the efforts of the Government. At outline the Government's policy objectives and programs is to build the nation and state of Indonesia which modern society that is safe, fair, orderly and prosperous, which aims to every citizen of Indonesia received his physical and mental well-being spiritual. All the wisdom of the government and its programs must be translated through broadcasts from studios based in the capital TVRI and regional fast, precise and well.
All the good implementation of TVRI in the capital and in the regions should be putting pressure works to integration, so that TVRI became a well-integrated mass media (mass media well-integrated) Government. 1975, issued Decree No. Menpen. 55 Material siaran/KEP/Menpen/1975, TVRI has dual status other than as a foundation as well as the Directorate Television Television RI, is being applied to the management office management / bureaucracy.
5. VIVA COSMETICS (d / h. PT. VITAPHARM INDONESIA)
At the end of 1961, there were five pals were each named HM Hoesin Alhamid, Nehemiah Pesik, Drs. Wim Kalona, ​​Apt; Drs. Estefanus Looho, Apt, and Drs. Hok Soen Gouw, Apt; has agreed to set up a pharmaceutical plant in Surabaya. To realize their determination, founded PT. Indonesian General Producing Centre located at Jl. Rubber 80-86 Surabaya, which was inaugurated in front of a notary Mr. Oei Djie Day, on April 30, 1962. Then, in June 1962, with the merger of the business diperluaslah Dr. Tio Tiong Hoo, specifically leading manufacture of cosmetics. Two years later, on June 13, 1964, their company name was changed to PT. Factory Pharmasi "VITA". Why use the name "VITA"? Selected the name "VITA" because it deals with VITAMINS, because at first that became the company's main production is drugs, while VIVA cosmetics is still a by-product. The company is large and growing, capital is always increasing. But, at the end of 1966, the Government took a decisive action in the field of monetary, such as "cutting" of money, which a thousand dollars to a dollar. Although a small capital, but production continued to increase, growing and marketing any product priorities began to shift, and eventually became the main production of cosmetics from PT. Factory Pharmasi "VITA".
Then managed to get to the heart because the people in Indonesia, and the demand is constantly increasing, then in 1973, in Long Road Jiwo, Surabaya, PT-built factory. Factory Pharmasi "VITA" new with VIVA Cosmetic products. Process of moving from the old plant to the new plant took a year ie in the year 1974 to 1975. Then right on Thursday, July 24, 1975, by M. Yusuf, Minister of Industry and Mohammad Noer as Governor of East Java at the time, inaugurated the factory PT. Factory Pharmasi "VITA" new. Then in 1983-1984, join Djoenaedi Joesoef, who is also the owner of PT. Konimex, Solo became the largest shareholder in the company. Nothing has changed other than the change itself, because it is a form of process over generations to welcome the developments and changes in the business world, then in 1998, the company changed its name to PT. Vitapharm until this moment.
Well hopefully this piece of writing I can add to the repertoire of our knowledge about the history of our beloved country. Hopefully mereka2 half a century old in 2012 can be more work and achievement to carve gold ink in upholding the banner of the flag was to be more proud of Indonesian citizens ... Bravo!

Malin Kundang Story

Cultural diversity shelter under the umbrella of the motherland makes Indonesia is not only rich in tradition, but also filled with a variety of legends and folklore. The story behind the legend and the folklore must have slipped a moral message and its own philosophy. As can be inferred from the story of Malin Kundang.
In ancient times there lived a widow named Mande Rubayah. Mande Rubayah had a son named Malin Kundang. They lived in villages Sweet Water Beach, Padang - West Sumatra. Their economic condition has deteriorated after her husband went sailing and never come back again. Mande Rubayah Kundang forced to raise with his own sweat. Malin Kundang very loved by his mother, he's a smart kid but a little naughty. One day, when Malin was chasing chickens, she tripped over a rock and hit a rock right arm injury. The wounds became trace dilengannya and can not be lost.
After Malin grew up, he decided to earn a living outside the island because not bear to see his mother drudge for families turn. Originally mother disagreed considering her husband had never returned after wandering. In the end his mother allowed because Malin insisted to go wander.
Malin Kundang boarded a merchant ship. Over at Malin learn about cruise ships. Many islands are traversed by Malin, until eventually boarded a ship hijacked by pirates Malin. Malin hiding behind a timber ship, all crew killed in the pirate attacks. Malin bobbing in the middle of the sea, and eventually he was stranded on an island. The island is very fertile because citizens are persistent in the work. With a potluck power, Malin walked toward the city.
On this island Kundang working diligently, until finally he was rich and marry a woman who maketh wife. Malin has a merchant ship and a few men. Wealth Kundang finally heard by the mother, Mande Rubayah. Mande very happy to hear the news that his son had succeeded. Since then Mande Rubayah always waiting at the dock to witness his son home.
After a long marriage Malin finally decided to go sailing with his wife and his children. Sure enough, shortly Malin to the island of his birth. The mother saw from afar two men were standing on the boat and Mande Rubayah sure that the child and his wife.
Malin Kundang mother had approached the ship in order to be sure that it was his son. By the time the boat approached, Mande Rubayah increasingly convinced that he is Kundang after seeing the scars on the boy's right arm. He approached and said, "Malin Kundang my son, why did you go so long without giving news of your mother?" While holding his son. But look at the old lady dressed shabby and dirty hug, Malin became angry, when Malin knowing that it was his mother. Malin angry because embarrassed his wife and his children. Because treated as such, Mande Rubayah angry with Malin Kundang. He prayed if it is true he Kundang curse him into stone.
Malin Kundang back sailing in the middle of the road and a big storm destroys the ship occurred, the mother answered prayer, slowly Kundang rigid body and turned to stone. Until now Kundang Stone can still be seen at Sweet Water beach, in the southern city of Padang, West Sumatra.

Who are the real nation of Indonesia?

Who are the real nation of Indonesia? There are many ways / versions to explain the answer to this question. Of all the versions, if the ancestor keseluruhannnya thinks the same people who now inhabit the Indonesian archipelago is a nation of immigrants. Archeology and genetics research provides strong evidence if the Indonesian nation ancestors migrated from Asia to southern Asia. Indonesian people probably are not aware if the difference in skin color, ethnicity, or language does not cover up the fact that a nation has the same family, namely the Austronesian family. If you look at the record of research and scientific study of the origin of a nation, whether the Indonesian people realize if they originate (offspring) from the same ancestor (one family)?
Topics in this article has been often discussed in the previous print and electronic media, including several written by bloggers. Too bad in every writing does not give any confirmation but just general information. In principle, by tracing the origins of a nation, at least it will be known picture of thinking, understanding, or perception of the attitudes of a nation.
Tracing the origins of a nation does not require more than a science of anthropology, but has entered into the realm of the science of genetics. At first, penelurusuran only based on archaeological evidence and narrative patterns of the language. Recent findings is surprising because the overall change in the facts of the past if this ancestor for Indonesian people not from Yunan.
Early Theories About YunanTheory of the origins of early amid Indonesian nation advanced by the ancient historian and archaeologist from Austria, which Robern Barron von Heine Geldern or better known as von Heine Geldern (1885-1968). Based on in-depth study of the megalithic culture in Southeast Asia and some areas in parts of the Pacific inferred that in the past there has been a displacement (migration) in waves from northern Asia to the southern part of Asia. They are then inhabited the region in the form of islands stretching from Madagascar (Africa) to Easter Island (Chile), Taiwan, and New Zealand, hereinafter called the region culturally Austronesian regions. Theory of the Neolithic culture and Austronesian is very popular among anthropologists to explain the mysteries of the migration of nations in the Neolithic period (2000 BC to 200 BC).
Von Heine Geldern theory of Austronesian culture inspires thoughts about family culture Yunan (China) that went into southern Asia to Australia. One of them also thought if the underlying Indonesian nation ancestors originated from Yunan. This theory is still very weak (less accurate) because it is only based on the evidence of the physical similarities such as the findings of archaeological objects or megalithic culture. This theory is also very easy to be debated after the discovery of the records in Borneo (Kalimantan), North Sulawesi, and Sumatra conflicting with theory Out of Yunan. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of basic education in Indonesia, which still maintains the principle of 'Out of Yunan'.
Linguistic TheoryTheories about the origin of the Indonesian nation then rests on the study of linguistics. Of the overall language used in the archipelago tribes have the same family, namely rumun Austronesian. The root of the whole branch of the language used ancestors settled in the archipelago comes from the Austronesian family in clumps known as Formosa or Taiwan. Linguistic theory opens new thinking about the history of the origins of the Nation Indonsia approach called 'Out of Taiwan'. This theory proposed by Harry Truman hereinafter Simandjuntak fundamental theories on the origins of the modern nation of Indonesia.
In principle, according to linguistic approaches, the origin of a nation can be traced through the pattern of the spread of the language. Approach to linguistic science supports the fact spread the Austronesian family of nations. The term actually refers to the Austronesian language speakers understanding. Archaeological evidence to explain an Austronesian peoples in the islands where Formosa (Taiwan) has existed since 6000 years ago. Of the island Formosa later Austronesian peoples spread to the Philippines, Indonesia, Madagascar (Africa), to the Pacific region. Nevertheless, the approach of linguistic science is still not able to answer the mystery of migration from China to the islands of Formosa.
Genetics Theory ApproachTheory approach 'Out of Taiwan' seems increasingly stronger after accompanied with proof of a genetic match. Genetic research conducted on thousands of chromosomes do not find a match with the genetic pattern in the Chinese territory. This finding is surprising because the course is considered to decide the alleged wave of migration from China, including the approach of 'Out of Yunan'. In contrast, the genetic pattern match was even more strengthened approach 'Out of Taiwan' previously also used as a rationale approach to the science of archeology with linguistics.
By using the approach of linguistic and genetic research, the origin of the Indonesian nation certainly does not come from Yunan, but originated from Austronesian peoples who inhabited the islands Formosa (Taiwan). Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology, Prof. Sangkot Dr Marzuki suggested to do an overhaul view of the origin of the Indonesian nation. Genetic approach to produce a variety of views about the pattern of spread of Austronesian peoples. Is still done in-depth studies to reinforce predictions through linguistic approach on approach 'Out of Taiwan'.
Migration PathMigration path based approach 'Out of Taiwan' contrary to the approach of 'Out of Yunan'. Approach 'Out of Yunan' explain Austronesian migration stems from the North to the Malay peninsula which then spread to eastern Indonesia. Approach 'Out of Yunan' can be attenuated after traced based approach reinforced by the linguistic and genetic evidence.
Based approach 'Out of Taiwan', ancestral migration from Taiwan (Formosa) first arrived in the northern Philippines around 4500 to 3000 BC. Migration allegedly done to secede seek new areas in the South. As a result of this migration then formed a new culture, including the establishment of branches of a language called Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP). Theory of early migration of Austronesian peoples Formosa delivered by David A. Tanudirjo based view linguist Robert Blust that explain the pattern of the spread of Austronesian peoples.
In the next stage around 3500 to 2000 BC migration of people who originally inhabited the Philippines with the aim of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Migration that ended in the North Maluku then continue their migration around the year 3000 to 2000 BC towards the South and East. Migration in the southern part of Nusa Tenggara to the group, while in the eastern part to the western coast of New Guinea. West Papua is then they migrate again with the aim of reaching the Oceania region Bismarck Islands (Melanesia) around 1500 BC.
In the period 3000 to 2000 BC, the migration was also carried to the West by those who previously inhabited Kalimantan and Sulawesi towards Java and Sumatra. Furthermore, the move was forwarded to the Malay peninsula to the entire region of Southeast Asia. Migration process over and over and spent thousands of years not only establish a new cultural diversity, but also the pattern of narrative (language) new.
CoverTheory of the origin of the Indonesian nation with a 'Out of Taiwan' is currently the most support for the theory with linguistic and genetic evidence. The similarity of the pattern of the Megalithic culture can only explain patterns of cultural variation, but have not been able to explain the first migration flows. Approach 'Out of Taiwan' was not without loopholes. As stated by Prof. Sangkot Dr Marzuki, the theory about the existence of Austronesian peoples by genetic approaches also varied and yet still find common ground.
If asked motive tribes when it was to merge into Homeland is not solely based on the equation of fate. The similarity of ancestral origin is possible for the underlying desire to reunite a nation. Clicking the arrival of European colonial-led plot area tribes in the region into the Austronesian spread apart politically from one another. Not surprisingly, the historical record of Majapahit and Sriwijaya territory claimed the archipelago as Austronesian territory.
The story of the history of the origins of the Indonesian people actually still not fully revealed. Recent findings of Prof. Dr Marzuki Sangkot states even if the spread of the Austronesian peoples originated from the Sunda region (West Java). We should bear in mind or a new theory on the origin of the Indonesian Nation reviewed. To start, at least with the first freed understand 'Out of Yunan'.
Though not yet discovered genetic evidence conclusively, Austronesian tribes occupies archipelagoes Formosa (Taiwan) allegedly migrated from the North (China). Austronesian language family and others in Southeast Asia is a language phylum Austrik. Seen from linguistic kinship (phylum hypothesis Austrik), all languages ​​in China's southern region has proximity (kinship) with clumps Austrik language. If you want to withdrawn the red thread, the racial discrimination should not happen in this country. By understanding the past history itself, at least the nation will be more prudent in giving attitude.

UNESCO, has recognized 850 sites

UN organization to ususan education, science, and culture, UNESCO, has recognized 850 sites in the world cultural heritage, including 11 sites in Indonesia.
The 850 sites are considered to be the world's cultural heritage consists of about 689 cultural and 176 natural, Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik in a written speech read out by the Director General of Cultural Art And Film Score, ukus Kuswara, the National Congress Sekretariatan Indonesian keris ( SNKI) in Solo on Wednesday.
A total of 11 Indonesian cultural sites that have been recognized as world cultural heritage, such as the Batik, Wayang, Keris, Angklung, and early human sites Sangiran.
About batik, in maintaining and developing fore there is no problem, because now not only the elderly, young people were already wearing batik cloth, while the dagger is only used only as a complement to traditional clothes.
"To maintain the keris as a world cultural heritage, it is not easy and this is a challenge, then pass this Congress should be described for kris to not only be a complement to traditional clothes. But also as objects of art and could be a plus and not only generation elderly, but also young who enjoyed, "he said.
Central Java Governor Bibit Waluyo in a written speech read for Political Expert Staff Maryanto said that Kris was at first as a weapon to protect themselves, but now it is not limited to these functions alone.
Keris in addition to guns to protect themselves, and a symbol of social status as well as high WOR art pieces as well as souvenir items that can be profitable for crafters dagger.
"So what about the preservation of the dagger when managed properly can also bring prosperity to the community," he said.
Congress first ma SNKI which lasted from April 19 to 21, 2011 in Solo, select it in addition to the new board, also menysun kerjas program.
SNKI joint congress was also held exhibitions and exchanges and also held demonstrations kris kris made by the young masters.

Indonesian culture is the whole national culture

Indonesian culture is the whole national culture, local culture, and the culture of foreign origin that has existed in Indonesia before Indonesia's independence in 1945.

national culture

National culture is a culture that is recognized as a national identity. The definition of national culture according to MPR No.II 1998, namely:
National culture based on Pancasila is the embodiment of creativity, work and initiative of Indonesia and is an overall effort to develop Indonesian human dignity as a nation, as well as directed to provide insight and meaning to the national development in all areas of national life. Thus the National Development is a development that berbudaya.Departemen Education and Culture, Being, Meaning and Peak-Peak Lama and Native Culture for Community Supporters, Semarang: P & K, 199

National culture in view of Ki Hajar Dewantara is "the tops of local culture". Quote this statement refers to the unity of understanding increasingly strengthened, so that more and more perceived than ketunggalikaan diversity. His form is a unitary state, national economy, national laws, as well as the national language. Definition given by Koentjaraningrat can be seen from his statement: "a distinctive and quality of any ethnic origin, the origin could identify themselves and give rise to a sense of pride, that national culture". This statement refers to the peaks of local culture and ethnic cultures can lead to a sense of pride for the people of Indonesia if they are shown to represent a common identity. Nunus Supriya, "Regional Culture and National Culture"

Statements contained in these guidelines is a translation of the 1945 Constitution Article 32. Today the Indonesian cultural figures arguing the existence of regional culture and national culture related to the abolition of the three sentence explanation in chapter 32 and the emergence of a new paragraph. They questioned the possibility of a split by the boundaries of the local culture if national culture is not explained clearly.

Prior to the amendment, the 1945 uses two terms to identify the areas of culture and national culture. National culture, cultures are long and contained as a genuine peaks in regions throughout Indonesia, while the national culture itself is understood as a cultural nation that is located at a position that has meaning for the people of Indonesia. In national culture are unifying elements of the Indonesian Banga already aware and experienced nationwide distribution. In it there are elements of the national culture and foreign cultural elements, as well as the creation of new elements or results of national invention.


Manifestation of regional culture in Indonesia

Regional culture reflected in various aspects of community life in all regions in Indonesia. Each region have the characteristics of different cultures. Here are some of Indonesian culture by type:
Custom home
Gadang homes, custom homes west Sumatran

Here is a list of custom homes in Indonesia [2]:

    Aceh:
        Rumoh Aceh
        Krong home Bade
    North Sumatra:
        Hall of Toba Batak house
        Bolon home
        Omo Sebua (Nias)
    West Sumatra:
        Tower House
        Uma (Mentawai)
    Riau:
        Twins Fall Selaso
        Lontiok
    Riau Islands: Home Shopping Bubung
    Jambi:
        Stage house
        Home Betiang
    Bangka Belitung: House Raft
    Bengkulu: Houses ridge Five
    South Sumatra:
        Limas House
        Ulu home
    Lampung: Nuwo Heresy
    Jakarta: Home Kebaya
    West Java and Banten: Home Kesepuhan
    London: Ward Kencono
    Java:
        Joglo (Central Java and East Java)
        Tanean Lanjhang (Madura)
    Bali: Temple Gate Bentar
    West Nusa Tenggara: Homes In Samawa Loka (Lombok)
    East Nusa Tenggara:
        Lopo
        Sao Ata Mosa Lakitana
        Home Musalaki
    West Kalimantan: Long House
    South Kalimantan: House Banjar
    Central Kalimantan: The Longhouse
    East Kalimantan: Home Lamin
    North Borneo: Home Baloy
    South Sulawesi:
        Bola Soba (Bugis Bone)
        Balla Lompoa (Gowa Makassar)
    West Sulawesi: Tongkonan (Tana Toraja)
    Southeast Sulawesi:
        Palace of Buton
        Laikas
    North Sulawesi: Home Bolaang Bolaang
    Central Sulawesi: Souraja
    Gorontalo:
        Bandayo Po Boide
        Dulohupa
    Maluku: Balieu (from Portuguese)
    North Maluku: Sasadu
    Papua: Honai
    West Papua:
        Kambik (Moi tribe)
        Rumsram (Biak)
        Jew (Asmat)
        Harit (Maybrat-Teminabuan)
        Kun (around tribes Mamberamo-Sarmi)

Dance
Traditional dance, part of the local culture that make up the national culture of Indonesia
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Dance

Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of tribes and cultures of Indonesia. There are more than 700 ethnic groups in Indonesia: can be seen from the roots and culture of Austronesian peoples of Melanesia, influenced by the various cultures of neighboring countries in Asia and even Western influence is absorbed through colonization. Every tribe in Indonesia has its own peculiar variety of dance; In Indonesia there are more than 3000 Indonesian original dances. Ancient tradition of dance and drama studio and preserved in various dance schools that is protected by the palace or government-run art academies.

For classification purposes, the art of dance in Indonesia can be classified into various categories. In the category of history, Indonesian dances can be divided into three eras: the era of prehistoric tribal, Hindu-Buddhist era, and the era of Islam. Based protectors and supporters, can be divided into two groups, dance palace (palace dance) which supported the nobility, and the folk dance that grew out of the common people. By tradition, Indonesian dances are divided into two groups: traditional dance and contemporary dance.
Song
The main article for this section is: List of Indonesian folk songs

Folk songs or folk music or song regionalism, is a song or music coming from a certain area and became popular both sung by the people of the region as well as other people. In general, this area songwriter aka noname no longer known.

Regional track similar to the national anthem, but merely a regional status only. Regionalism song lyrics usually have in accordance with their respective regional languages ​​such as Manuk Dadali of West Java and taste Sayange of Maluku.
The main article for this section is: Indonesian national song list

In addition to folk songs, Indonesia also has a national anthem or patriotic songs that serve as a song of encouragement to the fighters during the war of independence.

The difference between national anthem with patriotic songs is that the national anthem was officially determined to be a symbol of a nation. In addition, the national anthem is usually the only official song of a country or region that became his trademark. Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya was created by Wage Rudolf Soepratman.
Music
Gamelan orchestra
The main article for this section are: Music in Indonesia

Indonesian musical identity began to take shape when the Bronze Age culture migrated to the archipelago in the third and second centuries BC. Traditional tribal music of Indonesia generally use percussion instruments, especially drums and gongs. Some evolved into complex music and different, such as stringed instruments sasando from Rote Island, Angklung from West Java, and the complex music of the gamelan orchestras of Java and Bali

Music in Indonesia is very diverse because of the tribes in Indonesia are manifold, so that virtually the entire 17,508 islands has its own culture and art. [3] Indonesia has thousands of different kinds of music, sometimes followed by dances and performances. Traditional music of the most popular is the gamelan, angklung and keroncong, while modern music is pop and dangdut.
Art Picture

    Java: Puppet
    North Sumatra: Tortor

Plastic arts

    Java: statue Buto
    Bali: Garuda Wisnu Kencana
    Papua: Asmat

Custom Clothing
Ulos dancers used Sigale gale.

Here is a list of custom clothing in Indonesia:

    Aceh
        Ulee Balang
    North Sumatra:
        Ulos
        Suri-suri
        Cooperate
        Gara Gara / Beka reed
        New Oholu and Õröba Si'öli (Nias)
    West Sumatra (Minangkabau):
        Children Daro
        Marapule
        Minang Roki
        Clothing penghoeloe
        Clothing Bundo Kanduang
    Riau / Jambi (Melayu):
        Brackets clothing, gloves and Songkok
        Kebaya Laboh
        Insufficient Weasel
        Gulf Belanga
    Bangka Belitung
        Cual fabric, Paksian and Sungkon
    South Sumatra:
        Songket
        Aesan Gede
    Lampung:
        Filter
        Kikat and Ketupung
    Jakarta
        Koko clothes and Caping
        Kebaya Encim / Kun Hwa and Goyang Flower
    Java:
        Batik
        Beskap and Blangkon
        Kebaya
        Dodotan
        Pesa'an clothes (Madura)
        Kebaya Rancongan (Madura)
    Bali:
        Kemben
        Kancrik
        Cain gringsing
    East Nusa Tenggara:
        Ikat Weaving
        Clothing Tais
        Beti / Taimuti
    West Kalimantan
        King Baba
        King Bibinge
        King Burai Burai
    East Kalimantan
        Samarinda sarongs
    North Sulawesi (Minahasa)
        Wuyang
        Pasalongan Rinegetan
        Kurai clothes
        Clothes Banjang
        Mermaid Fish shirt
        Tonaas Wangko / Walian Wangko
    Central Sulawesi (Toraja)
        Kondi Limanan
        Kalando Limanan
    South Sulawesi (Bugis / Makassar):
        Bodo outfit
        Jas Close
        Clothes La'bu
    Moluccas
        Cele clothes
    Papua:
        Manawou
        Sheath / Holim, Yokal and Sali (Dani)
        Pummi and Tok (Asmat)
    West Papua:
        Ewer

Sound Art

    Java: Sinden
    North Sumatra: Talibun
    Gorontalo: Dikili

Literary Arts
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Literature

Indonesian literature is a term that encompasses a variety of literary works in Southeast Asia. The term "Indonesia" itself has meaning primarily in complementary geographic coverage and history in the region politically.

Indonesian literature itself can refer to literature made in the Indonesian archipelago. Often also widely referred to literary language based on Malay roots (where Indonesian is one derivatives). By understanding both the literature can also be interpreted as being made in the area of ​​literary Malay (other than Indonesia, there are also some Malay-speaking countries such as Malaysia and Brunei), as well as the Malays living in Singapore.
Food
Examples of typical Indonesian dish Sunda; grilled fish, rice lead (rice wrapped in banana leaves), fried chicken, sambal, fried tempeh and tofu, and sayur asem; bowl of water with lemon is a finger bowl.
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Food

Indonesian cuisine is a reflection of the diverse cultures and traditions come from archipelago comprising 6,000 islands, and holds an important place in the national culture of Indonesia in general and almost all Indonesian dishes rich with spices derived from spices such as nutmeg, chili, key retrieval, galangal , ginger, kencur, turmeric, coconut and palm sugar followed by the use of cooking techniques and ingredients according to indigenous traditions, there is also the influence of trade coming through like from India, China, Middle East, and Europe.

Basically there is not one singular "Indonesian cuisine", but rather, the diversity of regional cuisine influenced by local Indonesian cultures and foreign influences. For example, rice is processed into white rice, ketupat or rice cake (steamed rice) as a staple food for the majority of the Indonesian population to the eastern However the more commonly used also corn, sago, cassava, and sweet potatoes. Landscape form of presentation is generally presented in the form of mostly Indonesian food staples with side dishes of meat, fish or vegetable side dishes.
Film
Loetoeng movie poster Kasaroeng 1926.
The main article for this section are: Film Indonesia

This early era of Indonesian film begins with the founding of the first cinemas in Indonesia on December 5, 1900 in the area of ​​Tanah Abang, Batavia with names that serve a variety Picture Idoep silent film.

The first film made in Indonesia is the first silent film in 1926 entitled Loetoeng Kasaroeng and made by Dutch director G. Kruger and L. Heuveldorp. When this film was made and released, the Indonesian state and yet there is still the Dutch East Indies, the colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The film was made with the support of local actors by the NV Java Film Company in London and appeared first time on December 31, 1926 in theaters Elite and Majestic, Bandung.

Indonesian film itself has a long history and had become king in his own country in the 1980s, when Indonesian films dominate local cinemas. The films are well-known at the time, among others, notes the Boy, Blok M and many other films. Young stars are known at the time, among others Onky Alexander, Meriam Bellina, Lydia Kandou, Nike Ardilla, Paramitha Rusady, Desy Ratnasari.

In addition to commercial films, there are also many non-commercial films that have won awards everywhere are entitled Whispering Sand featuring Dian Sastrowardoyo with Christine Hakim and Didi Petet. Apart from that there are also films that played by Christine Hakim as Leaves on Top Pillows that tell about the lives of street children. The films also Garin Nugroho others, like I want to kiss Once Only, there is also a movie that is full of controversy because Marsinah removed from the real story. There was also a film like Beth, novel without the letter R, 2 Kwaliteit participating again enliven the Indonesian film revival. Indonesian Film Festival also held again in 2004 after a 12 year hiatus.
Reference

    ^ Directorate of History and Value traditionally, Culture Congress 1991: National Culture Now and in the Future
    ^ "Indonesian Traditional Building / Indonesia Traditional House"
    ^ Indonesian Geography http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/28.htm