Indonesian culture is the whole national culture, local culture, and the culture of foreign origin that has existed in Indonesia before Indonesia's independence in 1945.
national culture
National culture is a culture that is recognized as a national identity. The definition of national culture according to MPR No.II 1998, namely:
National culture based on Pancasila is the embodiment of creativity, work and initiative of Indonesia and is an overall effort to develop Indonesian human dignity as a nation, as well as directed to provide insight and meaning to the national development in all areas of national life. Thus the National Development is a development that berbudaya.Departemen Education and Culture, Being, Meaning and Peak-Peak Lama and Native Culture for Community Supporters, Semarang: P & K, 199
National culture in view of Ki Hajar Dewantara is "the tops of local culture". Quote this statement refers to the unity of understanding increasingly strengthened, so that more and more perceived than ketunggalikaan diversity. His form is a unitary state, national economy, national laws, as well as the national language. Definition given by Koentjaraningrat can be seen from his statement: "a distinctive and quality of any ethnic origin, the origin could identify themselves and give rise to a sense of pride, that national culture". This statement refers to the peaks of local culture and ethnic cultures can lead to a sense of pride for the people of Indonesia if they are shown to represent a common identity. Nunus Supriya, "Regional Culture and National Culture"
Statements contained in these guidelines is a translation of the 1945 Constitution Article 32. Today the Indonesian cultural figures arguing the existence of regional culture and national culture related to the abolition of the three sentence explanation in chapter 32 and the emergence of a new paragraph. They questioned the possibility of a split by the boundaries of the local culture if national culture is not explained clearly.
Prior to the amendment, the 1945 uses two terms to identify the areas of culture and national culture. National culture, cultures are long and contained as a genuine peaks in regions throughout Indonesia, while the national culture itself is understood as a cultural nation that is located at a position that has meaning for the people of Indonesia. In national culture are unifying elements of the Indonesian Banga already aware and experienced nationwide distribution. In it there are elements of the national culture and foreign cultural elements, as well as the creation of new elements or results of national invention.
Manifestation of regional culture in Indonesia
Regional culture reflected in various aspects of community life in all regions in Indonesia. Each region have the characteristics of different cultures. Here are some of Indonesian culture by type:
Custom home
Gadang homes, custom homes west Sumatran
Here is a list of custom homes in Indonesia [2]:
Aceh:
Rumoh Aceh
Krong home Bade
North Sumatra:
Hall of Toba Batak house
Bolon home
Omo Sebua (Nias)
West Sumatra:
Tower House
Uma (Mentawai)
Riau:
Twins Fall Selaso
Lontiok
Riau Islands: Home Shopping Bubung
Jambi:
Stage house
Home Betiang
Bangka Belitung: House Raft
Bengkulu: Houses ridge Five
South Sumatra:
Limas House
Ulu home
Lampung: Nuwo Heresy
Jakarta: Home Kebaya
West Java and Banten: Home Kesepuhan
London: Ward Kencono
Java:
Joglo (Central Java and East Java)
Tanean Lanjhang (Madura)
Bali: Temple Gate Bentar
West Nusa Tenggara: Homes In Samawa Loka (Lombok)
East Nusa Tenggara:
Lopo
Sao Ata Mosa Lakitana
Home Musalaki
West Kalimantan: Long House
South Kalimantan: House Banjar
Central Kalimantan: The Longhouse
East Kalimantan: Home Lamin
North Borneo: Home Baloy
South Sulawesi:
Bola Soba (Bugis Bone)
Balla Lompoa (Gowa Makassar)
West Sulawesi: Tongkonan (Tana Toraja)
Southeast Sulawesi:
Palace of Buton
Laikas
North Sulawesi: Home Bolaang Bolaang
Central Sulawesi: Souraja
Gorontalo:
Bandayo Po Boide
Dulohupa
Maluku: Balieu (from Portuguese)
North Maluku: Sasadu
Papua: Honai
West Papua:
Kambik (Moi tribe)
Rumsram (Biak)
Jew (Asmat)
Harit (Maybrat-Teminabuan)
Kun (around tribes Mamberamo-Sarmi)
Dance
Traditional dance, part of the local culture that make up the national culture of Indonesia
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Dance
Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of tribes and cultures of Indonesia. There are more than 700 ethnic groups in Indonesia: can be seen from the roots and culture of Austronesian peoples of Melanesia, influenced by the various cultures of neighboring countries in Asia and even Western influence is absorbed through colonization. Every tribe in Indonesia has its own peculiar variety of dance; In Indonesia there are more than 3000 Indonesian original dances. Ancient tradition of dance and drama studio and preserved in various dance schools that is protected by the palace or government-run art academies.
For classification purposes, the art of dance in Indonesia can be classified into various categories. In the category of history, Indonesian dances can be divided into three eras: the era of prehistoric tribal, Hindu-Buddhist era, and the era of Islam. Based protectors and supporters, can be divided into two groups, dance palace (palace dance) which supported the nobility, and the folk dance that grew out of the common people. By tradition, Indonesian dances are divided into two groups: traditional dance and contemporary dance.
Song
The main article for this section is: List of Indonesian folk songs
Folk songs or folk music or song regionalism, is a song or music coming from a certain area and became popular both sung by the people of the region as well as other people. In general, this area songwriter aka noname no longer known.
Regional track similar to the national anthem, but merely a regional status only. Regionalism song lyrics usually have in accordance with their respective regional languages such as Manuk Dadali of West Java and taste Sayange of Maluku.
The main article for this section is: Indonesian national song list
In addition to folk songs, Indonesia also has a national anthem or patriotic songs that serve as a song of encouragement to the fighters during the war of independence.
The difference between national anthem with patriotic songs is that the national anthem was officially determined to be a symbol of a nation. In addition, the national anthem is usually the only official song of a country or region that became his trademark. Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya was created by Wage Rudolf Soepratman.
Music
Gamelan orchestra
The main article for this section are: Music in Indonesia
Indonesian musical identity began to take shape when the Bronze Age culture migrated to the archipelago in the third and second centuries BC. Traditional tribal music of Indonesia generally use percussion instruments, especially drums and gongs. Some evolved into complex music and different, such as stringed instruments sasando from Rote Island, Angklung from West Java, and the complex music of the gamelan orchestras of Java and Bali
Music in Indonesia is very diverse because of the tribes in Indonesia are manifold, so that virtually the entire 17,508 islands has its own culture and art. [3] Indonesia has thousands of different kinds of music, sometimes followed by dances and performances. Traditional music of the most popular is the gamelan, angklung and keroncong, while modern music is pop and dangdut.
Art Picture
Java: Puppet
North Sumatra: Tortor
Plastic arts
Java: statue Buto
Bali: Garuda Wisnu Kencana
Papua: Asmat
Custom Clothing
Ulos dancers used Sigale gale.
Here is a list of custom clothing in Indonesia:
Aceh
Ulee Balang
North Sumatra:
Ulos
Suri-suri
Cooperate
Gara Gara / Beka reed
New Oholu and Õröba Si'öli (Nias)
West Sumatra (Minangkabau):
Children Daro
Marapule
Minang Roki
Clothing penghoeloe
Clothing Bundo Kanduang
Riau / Jambi (Melayu):
Brackets clothing, gloves and Songkok
Kebaya Laboh
Insufficient Weasel
Gulf Belanga
Bangka Belitung
Cual fabric, Paksian and Sungkon
South Sumatra:
Songket
Aesan Gede
Lampung:
Filter
Kikat and Ketupung
Jakarta
Koko clothes and Caping
Kebaya Encim / Kun Hwa and Goyang Flower
Java:
Batik
Beskap and Blangkon
Kebaya
Dodotan
Pesa'an clothes (Madura)
Kebaya Rancongan (Madura)
Bali:
Kemben
Kancrik
Cain gringsing
East Nusa Tenggara:
Ikat Weaving
Clothing Tais
Beti / Taimuti
West Kalimantan
King Baba
King Bibinge
King Burai Burai
East Kalimantan
Samarinda sarongs
North Sulawesi (Minahasa)
Wuyang
Pasalongan Rinegetan
Kurai clothes
Clothes Banjang
Mermaid Fish shirt
Tonaas Wangko / Walian Wangko
Central Sulawesi (Toraja)
Kondi Limanan
Kalando Limanan
South Sulawesi (Bugis / Makassar):
Bodo outfit
Jas Close
Clothes La'bu
Moluccas
Cele clothes
Papua:
Manawou
Sheath / Holim, Yokal and Sali (Dani)
Pummi and Tok (Asmat)
West Papua:
Ewer
Sound Art
Java: Sinden
North Sumatra: Talibun
Gorontalo: Dikili
Literary Arts
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Literature
Indonesian literature is a term that encompasses a variety of literary works in Southeast Asia. The term "Indonesia" itself has meaning primarily in complementary geographic coverage and history in the region politically.
Indonesian literature itself can refer to literature made in the Indonesian archipelago. Often also widely referred to literary language based on Malay roots (where Indonesian is one derivatives). By understanding both the literature can also be interpreted as being made in the area of literary Malay (other than Indonesia, there are also some Malay-speaking countries such as Malaysia and Brunei), as well as the Malays living in Singapore.
Food
Examples of typical Indonesian dish Sunda; grilled fish, rice lead (rice wrapped in banana leaves), fried chicken, sambal, fried tempeh and tofu, and sayur asem; bowl of water with lemon is a finger bowl.
The main article for this section is: Indonesian Food
Indonesian cuisine is a reflection of the diverse cultures and traditions come from archipelago comprising 6,000 islands, and holds an important place in the national culture of Indonesia in general and almost all Indonesian dishes rich with spices derived from spices such as nutmeg, chili, key retrieval, galangal , ginger, kencur, turmeric, coconut and palm sugar followed by the use of cooking techniques and ingredients according to indigenous traditions, there is also the influence of trade coming through like from India, China, Middle East, and Europe.
Basically there is not one singular "Indonesian cuisine", but rather, the diversity of regional cuisine influenced by local Indonesian cultures and foreign influences. For example, rice is processed into white rice, ketupat or rice cake (steamed rice) as a staple food for the majority of the Indonesian population to the eastern However the more commonly used also corn, sago, cassava, and sweet potatoes. Landscape form of presentation is generally presented in the form of mostly Indonesian food staples with side dishes of meat, fish or vegetable side dishes.
Film
Loetoeng movie poster Kasaroeng 1926.
The main article for this section are: Film Indonesia
This early era of Indonesian film begins with the founding of the first cinemas in Indonesia on December 5, 1900 in the area of Tanah Abang, Batavia with names that serve a variety Picture Idoep silent film.
The first film made in Indonesia is the first silent film in 1926 entitled Loetoeng Kasaroeng and made by Dutch director G. Kruger and L. Heuveldorp. When this film was made and released, the Indonesian state and yet there is still the Dutch East Indies, the colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The film was made with the support of local actors by the NV Java Film Company in London and appeared first time on December 31, 1926 in theaters Elite and Majestic, Bandung.
Indonesian film itself has a long history and had become king in his own country in the 1980s, when Indonesian films dominate local cinemas. The films are well-known at the time, among others, notes the Boy, Blok M and many other films. Young stars are known at the time, among others Onky Alexander, Meriam Bellina, Lydia Kandou, Nike Ardilla, Paramitha Rusady, Desy Ratnasari.
In addition to commercial films, there are also many non-commercial films that have won awards everywhere are entitled Whispering Sand featuring Dian Sastrowardoyo with Christine Hakim and Didi Petet. Apart from that there are also films that played by Christine Hakim as Leaves on Top Pillows that tell about the lives of street children. The films also Garin Nugroho others, like I want to kiss Once Only, there is also a movie that is full of controversy because Marsinah removed from the real story. There was also a film like Beth, novel without the letter R, 2 Kwaliteit participating again enliven the Indonesian film revival. Indonesian Film Festival also held again in 2004 after a 12 year hiatus.
Reference
^ Directorate of History and Value traditionally, Culture Congress 1991: National Culture Now and in the Future
^ "Indonesian Traditional Building / Indonesia Traditional House"
^ Indonesian Geography http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/28.htm
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