Topics in this article has been often discussed in the previous print and electronic media, including several written by bloggers. Too bad in every writing does not give any confirmation but just general information. In principle, by tracing the origins of a nation, at least it will be known picture of thinking, understanding, or perception of the attitudes of a nation.
Tracing the origins of a nation does not require more than a science of anthropology, but has entered into the realm of the science of genetics. At first, penelurusuran only based on archaeological evidence and narrative patterns of the language. Recent findings is surprising because the overall change in the facts of the past if this ancestor for Indonesian people not from Yunan.
Early Theories About YunanTheory of the origins of early amid Indonesian nation advanced by the ancient historian and archaeologist from Austria, which Robern Barron von Heine Geldern or better known as von Heine Geldern (1885-1968). Based on in-depth study of the megalithic culture in Southeast Asia and some areas in parts of the Pacific inferred that in the past there has been a displacement (migration) in waves from northern Asia to the southern part of Asia. They are then inhabited the region in the form of islands stretching from Madagascar (Africa) to Easter Island (Chile), Taiwan, and New Zealand, hereinafter called the region culturally Austronesian regions. Theory of the Neolithic culture and Austronesian is very popular among anthropologists to explain the mysteries of the migration of nations in the Neolithic period (2000 BC to 200 BC).
Von Heine Geldern theory of Austronesian culture inspires thoughts about family culture Yunan (China) that went into southern Asia to Australia. One of them also thought if the underlying Indonesian nation ancestors originated from Yunan. This theory is still very weak (less accurate) because it is only based on the evidence of the physical similarities such as the findings of archaeological objects or megalithic culture. This theory is also very easy to be debated after the discovery of the records in Borneo (Kalimantan), North Sulawesi, and Sumatra conflicting with theory Out of Yunan. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of basic education in Indonesia, which still maintains the principle of 'Out of Yunan'.
Linguistic TheoryTheories about the origin of the Indonesian nation then rests on the study of linguistics. Of the overall language used in the archipelago tribes have the same family, namely rumun Austronesian. The root of the whole branch of the language used ancestors settled in the archipelago comes from the Austronesian family in clumps known as Formosa or Taiwan. Linguistic theory opens new thinking about the history of the origins of the Nation Indonsia approach called 'Out of Taiwan'. This theory proposed by Harry Truman hereinafter Simandjuntak fundamental theories on the origins of the modern nation of Indonesia.
In principle, according to linguistic approaches, the origin of a nation can be traced through the pattern of the spread of the language. Approach to linguistic science supports the fact spread the Austronesian family of nations. The term actually refers to the Austronesian language speakers understanding. Archaeological evidence to explain an Austronesian peoples in the islands where Formosa (Taiwan) has existed since 6000 years ago. Of the island Formosa later Austronesian peoples spread to the Philippines, Indonesia, Madagascar (Africa), to the Pacific region. Nevertheless, the approach of linguistic science is still not able to answer the mystery of migration from China to the islands of Formosa.
Genetics Theory ApproachTheory approach 'Out of Taiwan' seems increasingly stronger after accompanied with proof of a genetic match. Genetic research conducted on thousands of chromosomes do not find a match with the genetic pattern in the Chinese territory. This finding is surprising because the course is considered to decide the alleged wave of migration from China, including the approach of 'Out of Yunan'. In contrast, the genetic pattern match was even more strengthened approach 'Out of Taiwan' previously also used as a rationale approach to the science of archeology with linguistics.
By using the approach of linguistic and genetic research, the origin of the Indonesian nation certainly does not come from Yunan, but originated from Austronesian peoples who inhabited the islands Formosa (Taiwan). Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology, Prof. Sangkot Dr Marzuki suggested to do an overhaul view of the origin of the Indonesian nation. Genetic approach to produce a variety of views about the pattern of spread of Austronesian peoples. Is still done in-depth studies to reinforce predictions through linguistic approach on approach 'Out of Taiwan'.
Migration PathMigration path based approach 'Out of Taiwan' contrary to the approach of 'Out of Yunan'. Approach 'Out of Yunan' explain Austronesian migration stems from the North to the Malay peninsula which then spread to eastern Indonesia. Approach 'Out of Yunan' can be attenuated after traced based approach reinforced by the linguistic and genetic evidence.
Based approach 'Out of Taiwan', ancestral migration from Taiwan (Formosa) first arrived in the northern Philippines around 4500 to 3000 BC. Migration allegedly done to secede seek new areas in the South. As a result of this migration then formed a new culture, including the establishment of branches of a language called Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP). Theory of early migration of Austronesian peoples Formosa delivered by David A. Tanudirjo based view linguist Robert Blust that explain the pattern of the spread of Austronesian peoples.
In the next stage around 3500 to 2000 BC migration of people who originally inhabited the Philippines with the aim of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Migration that ended in the North Maluku then continue their migration around the year 3000 to 2000 BC towards the South and East. Migration in the southern part of Nusa Tenggara to the group, while in the eastern part to the western coast of New Guinea. West Papua is then they migrate again with the aim of reaching the Oceania region Bismarck Islands (Melanesia) around 1500 BC.
In the period 3000 to 2000 BC, the migration was also carried to the West by those who previously inhabited Kalimantan and Sulawesi towards Java and Sumatra. Furthermore, the move was forwarded to the Malay peninsula to the entire region of Southeast Asia. Migration process over and over and spent thousands of years not only establish a new cultural diversity, but also the pattern of narrative (language) new.
CoverTheory of the origin of the Indonesian nation with a 'Out of Taiwan' is currently the most support for the theory with linguistic and genetic evidence. The similarity of the pattern of the Megalithic culture can only explain patterns of cultural variation, but have not been able to explain the first migration flows. Approach 'Out of Taiwan' was not without loopholes. As stated by Prof. Sangkot Dr Marzuki, the theory about the existence of Austronesian peoples by genetic approaches also varied and yet still find common ground.
If asked motive tribes when it was to merge into Homeland is not solely based on the equation of fate. The similarity of ancestral origin is possible for the underlying desire to reunite a nation. Clicking the arrival of European colonial-led plot area tribes in the region into the Austronesian spread apart politically from one another. Not surprisingly, the historical record of Majapahit and Sriwijaya territory claimed the archipelago as Austronesian territory.
The story of the history of the origins of the Indonesian people actually still not fully revealed. Recent findings of Prof. Dr Marzuki Sangkot states even if the spread of the Austronesian peoples originated from the Sunda region (West Java). We should bear in mind or a new theory on the origin of the Indonesian Nation reviewed. To start, at least with the first freed understand 'Out of Yunan'.
Though not yet discovered genetic evidence conclusively, Austronesian tribes occupies archipelagoes Formosa (Taiwan) allegedly migrated from the North (China). Austronesian language family and others in Southeast Asia is a language phylum Austrik. Seen from linguistic kinship (phylum hypothesis Austrik), all languages in China's southern region has proximity (kinship) with clumps Austrik language. If you want to withdrawn the red thread, the racial discrimination should not happen in this country. By understanding the past history itself, at least the nation will be more prudent in giving attitude.
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